Introduction to CA80COD Instrument
2026-03-19
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Previously, we introduced some information about the instrument, such as application scenarios, advantages, etc. This article will introduce the internal workings of the instrument. Next, let's introduce its internal components and their functions.
Firstly, there is the blue wheel on the left, named Peristaltic Pump. The function of this component is to precisely and contactless transport process samples and reagents by squeezing the hose with a roller. This method can avoid direct contact between the pump body and the liquid, prevent pollution and corrosion, and ensure measurement accuracy. Next to it is the large black module, which is the Liquid Manager/Valve Manifold, the "heart" of the analyzer and integrates multiple solenoid valves inside. It is responsible for precise control of the flow direction, mixing ratio, and timing of water samples, various reagents (such as RB, RN, RK), and standard solutions, and is the core component for achieving complex chemical reactions and measurements. The upper part of the black module is a plunger pump, which provides power for the entire flow system and accurately delivers the liquid to the digestion colorimetric integrated chamber. Responsible for extracting and transporting key reagents such as water samples, potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, etc. with extremely high precision (microliter level).The part that connects multiple pipes below is the distribution valve, which has the functions of flow path distribution, precise measurement, and system cleaning. It is the "transportation hub" of the entire analyzer, which precisely controls the flow and on-off of different liquids (water samples, digestion solutions, standard solutions, cleaning solutions, etc.) through internal valve switching. Combined with a plunger pump, it can accurately deliver water samples and various reagents in proportion to the digestion colorimetric integrated chamber, ensuring the accuracy of COD measurement. After each measurement is completed, it will switch the flow path and rinse the entire system with cleaning solution to prevent residual contamination in the next measurement. The top is a syringe, also known as a metering pump. In the analysis process, it is responsible for accurately mixing water samples and reagents in proportion, or accurately diluting high concentration samples, avoiding errors caused by manual operation. Mainly a quantitative function. The right part consists of a digestion tank and two solenoid valves. The upper solenoid valve is responsible for measuring the pump, while the lower one is responsible for pumping the liquid after the reaction is completed to the distribution valve. The middle part is the digestion tank, which is a place for high-temperature digestion reaction of water samples with potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid and other reagents, used to oxidize organic matter in the water. The internal heating element will heat the reaction solution to around 170 ℃ to ensure complete COD digestion. After digestion, the solution will be directly subjected to photometric detection in this chamber without the need for transfer. Its optical window is part of the colorimetric dish, and the light source and detector directly measure its absorbance to calculate COD concentration. Different pipes are connected to different solutions and pumped in.
The upper part of the instrument is the power interface, the real part, and the slot
Unscrew the screws on the upper part to see the power connection part
The above is an introduction to the interior of the instrument
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Cable type, pole type, coaxial sleeve
2026-03-19
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When encountering instruments with measuring rods, how should cable type, rod type, and coaxial sleeve be selected? Today, we will introduce their differences and application scenarios. This article uses E+H guided wave radar as an example to introduce and help us better understand.
Rod Probes
Mainly divided into sizes of 8mm and 12mm.
The thicker the probe, the larger the range and the more sturdy it is.
More severe working conditions require thicker probes.
Coarse probes are less likely to swing and the hanging material is more likely to fall off.
Can be used in mixing conditions.
Summary: Working condition is directly proportional to the size of the measuring rod, with 8mm being the most common.
Cable Probes
Most obvious part is the tail.
Several types:
With heavy hammer: To straighten the cable and ensure accurate measurement, suitable for liquid measurement.
With centering hammer: Used in foam, slurry and dust environments to keep the probe centered and prevent material hanging.
Without counterweight: Used for lightweight media or places with limited installation space, and is generally rarely used.
Cable types: 2mm and 4mm.
Coaxial Sleeve
Consists of two coaxial metal tubes inside and outside, with the measurement area in the middle.
Generally used for guided wave radar to guide electromagnetic wave propagation along the casing.
Eliminates interference in the tank (e.g., agitator, foam, steam) to ensure measurement stability.
Various diameter options, generally above 20mm.
Two types of hole types: single hole and multi hole. The larger the hole, the better the medium circulation and the less likely it is to hang materials.
Top Centering Rod
A short rod or bracket installed at the top of the probe (near the flange/connection).
Function:
"Support" the probe at the center of the connection.
Prevent the probe from tilting or sticking to the wall inside the pipe.
Avoid interference caused by radar waves hitting the pipe wall.
Reduce probe oscillation caused by medium flow or stirring.
Improve measurement stability.
Prevent the probe from shaking when the instrument is installed on the short pipe and short section.
If you want to know more, you can add the following WeChat for consultation, or join the instrument communication group, or call +86 17779850992 official account, official website https://www.instrumentsensors.com/ There is also more content to view.
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Siemens SITRANS Probe LU (HART) Ultrasonic Level Transmitter
2026-01-04
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Siemens SITRANS Probe LU
Siemens SITRANS Probe LU is a two-wire loop powered ultrasonic transmitter designed specifically for industrial scenarios, capable of accurately measuring the liquid level, volume, and flow rate in storage tanks, process vessels, and open channels.
Key Features
Integrates an internal temperature sensor, which can compensate for temperature changes in real time.
Adapts to various chemical environments such as ETFE and PVDF.
Equipped with mature Sonic Intelligence ® Signal processing technology to effectively distinguish between real echoes and false echoes, ensuring measurement stability.
Supports HART communication protocol and SIMATIC ® PDM software, compatible with various programming methods such as handheld programmers and PC debugging software, providing flexible and convenient operation.
Technical Specifications
Parameter
Value
Power Supply
Rated 24V DC, supporting up to 30V DC
Output
4-20mA analog signals
Accuracy
0.125% of the range
Nonlinear Error
6mm or 0.15% of the range (whichever is larger), covering hysteresis and non repeatability
Measurement Range
0.25-6m and 0.25-12m (model dependent)
Beam Angle
10 ° (-3dB boundary)
Blind Spot Distance
0.25m
Update Time
≤ 5s
Display
Multi segment alphanumeric LCD screen and bar chart
Mechanical Structure & Environmental Conditions
Process Connection: 2" NPT, BSP, G and other threaded interfaces, as well as 3" universal flange options.
Shell Body Material: PBT.
End Cap Material: Hard coated PEI.
Protection Level: IP67/IP68, in compliance with NEMA 4X/6 standards.
Working Environment Temperature: -40 to +80 ℃.
Process Temperature: -40 to +85 ℃.
Maximum Working Pressure: 0.5bar g.
Maximum Altitude: 5000m.
Certifications
The equipment has passed multiple certifications such as CE, FM, CSA, ATEX, etc.
The intrinsic safety model is suitable for hazardous areas and meets industrial safety regulations.
Installation Guidelines
Ensure that the surface of the transmitter is at least 300mm above the highest level.
The sound path is perpendicular to the material surface.
Avoid obstacles such as high-voltage cables, variable frequency motor controllers, and welding seams, hooks, and loops inside the container.
The wiring adopts shielded twisted pair cables with wire specifications ranging from AWG 22 to AWG 14.
The cables are connected to the corresponding terminals after passing through the gland, and the gland is tightened to ensure sealing.
The torque of the cover plate screws is controlled between 1.1-1.7N-m.
Certified safety barriers should be used for installation in hazardous areas, following corresponding wiring specifications.
Dust and waterproof conduit seals should be used for outdoor installation.
Operation Modes & Settings
The device operation is divided into RUN mode and GRAM mode. After power on, it automatically enters RUN mode to detect the material level. GRAM mode can be activated through a handheld programmer or remote software for parameter configuration.
The core settings include:
Measurement mode selection (level, interval, distance).
Response time adjustment.
Measurement unit setting.
Empty level and range calibration.
The automatic false echo suppression function can be enabled through P837 and P838 parameters to ignore interference signals generated by obstacles.
The parameter locking function can be achieved through the combination of P000 and P069 to prevent misoperation.
The main station reset (P999) can restore user parameters to default settings (except for P000 and P069).
Maintenance & Troubleshooting
In terms of maintenance, the equipment does not require regular cleaning and maintenance. Troubleshooting can refer to the fault code prompts. Common problems include echo loss, power supply abnormalities, and invalid parameter configurations, which can be solved by checking the installation position, wiring status, calibration range, and other methods.
If there is a hardware failure or parameter loss, it is necessary to contact authorized Siemens maintenance personnel for handling. Replacement components should use original factory parts to avoid affecting equipment safety and measurement accuracy.
Applications
The device is widely used in storage containers, mixing process containers, open channels and other scenarios.
Supports volume calculation of various container shapes.
Through 32 breakpoint parameters, the conversion between pressure head and flow rate can be achieved, meeting the measurement needs of different industrial processes.
It is a reliable and comprehensive level measurement solution.
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Imported instrument manufacturer - Endhaus E+H
2026-01-04
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Company History & Global Presence
On February 1, 1953, Swiss engineer Georg H. Enders and German banker Ludwig Hauser co founded L. Hauser in the city of Lahr, Germany - the predecessor of the renowned Enders Hauser Group in the field of industrial automation. In the start-up stage, the office space of a company is nothing more than a small house transformed from a bedroom, typical of the "garage entrepreneurship" model, and the main business is to act as an agent to sell a new capacitive level sensor originating from the UK. This innovative product quickly opened up the market and received a good response once it was launched. Taking advantage of this opportunity, the two founders decisively laid out independent production and started building an exclusive manufacturing system. With the gradual improvement of the production and sales system, the company's sales have continued to rise, and its business scope has gradually expanded from the initial focus on the southern region of Germany to the entire German mainland and even surrounding countries. At the same time, the company's product line continues to enrich, and on the basis of capacitive level sensors, it has begun to explore other level sensing products with various measurement principles, laying a solid foundation for future diversified development.
In 1953, G.H. Enders and L. Hauser established a production center for level and pressure instruments in Switzerland. In 1960, it moved to M ö rg, Germany and later developed into the world's largest level instrument base. Relying on research and development investment, quality control, and talent cultivation, the company gradually expanded into measurement fields such as flow and temperature, with sales and services covering Western Europe. In the 1970s, overseas offices were established in the United States and Japan. In the 1980s, the company deeply cultivated microelectronics technology and established advantages, closely following the transformation of automation from "signal oriented" to "information oriented", participated in the research and development of fieldbus protocols, and became one of the leaders in this field. In 1995, Dr. H.C. Georg H. Endress, aged 71, transferred the management of the company to his second son Klaus Endress, who had previously served as the Chief Executive Officer. Founded in 1953, Endhaus (E+H) is a global group company headquartered in Switzerland, with 19 production centers in multiple countries including Switzerland, Germany, and China. All products in the series have passed ISO9000 quality certification, and there are nearly 90 sales centers worldwide to provide convenient services to users. E+H is one of the global leaders in industrial process control measurement instruments and solutions, focusing on multiple fields such as flow, level, pressure, analysis, temperature, etc., providing automation solutions covering data acquisition, communication, and process optimization, serving many industries such as chemical, food and beverage, life sciences, power energy, oil and gas, water treatment, etc.
Endershause (China) Automation Co., Ltd.
Endershause (China) Automation Co., Ltd. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of E+H Group in China, headquartered in Shanghai and with a production factory in Suzhou. It has 13 offices and provides one-stop services for domestic users, including product sales, technical consulting, on-site services, and training.
Specialized Production Subsidiaries in Suzhou Industrial Park:
Endress Hauser Flow Meter Technology (China) Co., Ltd.
Founded in 2002, with a total investment of 45 million US dollars and a factory and office area of 15000 square meters, specializing in the production of high-precision flow meters.
Level Pressure Instrument Technology (China) Co., Ltd.
Covers an area of 22000 square meters, with a first phase factory of 7850 square meters. The company mainly produces tuning fork level switches, radar level gauges, pressure transmitters, and other products.
Analytical Instruments (China) Co., Ltd.
Established in 2005, has a factory area of 1200 square meters and specializes in producing high-end industrial online water analysis instruments.
Temperature Instruments (China) Co., Ltd.
Established in 2006, has a total investment of 3 million US dollars and a factory area of 1320 square meters, specializing in high-end thermometers and temperature transmitters.
Product Categories
The following is an introduction to some products:
Flow measurement
Material level measurement
Pressure measurement
Temperature measurement
Contact Us
If you want to know more, you can add the following Whatsapp for consultation, or call contact +86 17779850992 official account, official website http://ainstru.com/ There is also more content to view.
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FMU42 Ultrasonic Level Gauge
2025-12-15
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Ultrasonic Level Gauge FMU42
Overview
Today we will introduce an ultrasonic level gauge FMU42 that can be used for level and flow measurement. Below is its display diagram.
Working Principle
Its working principle is that the ultrasonic sensor emits high-frequency pulse sound waves, which reflect when encountering an object. The sensor can obtain the distance based on the time difference between the emitted and received reflected waves, and convert it into a current between 4-20mA for output. It is worth noting that the instrument cannot be in contact with it when measuring the level. The sensor emits ultrasonic pulse signals towards the surface of the liquid. The ultrasonic pulse signal is reflected on the surface of the medium, and the reflected signal is received by the sensor. The device measures the time difference t between sending and receiving pulse signals. Based on the time difference t (and acoustic velocity c), the device calculates the distance between the sensor diaphragm and the surface of the medium, D: D=c ⋅ t/2, and calculates the liquid level L through the distance D. By using the linearization function, the volume V or mass M can be calculated from the liquid level L. The user inputs a known blank distance (E), and the calculation formula for the liquid level (L) is as follows: L=E - D. The built-in temperature sensor (NTC) compensates for the sound velocity changes caused by temperature changes.
Key Terminology
SD safety distance
BD blind zone distance
E empty standard distance
L liquid level
D sensor diaphragm to medium surface distance
F range (full standard distance)
Measurement System Components
The following is a schematic diagram of its measurement system:
PLC (programmable logic controller)
Commubox FXA195
computer, installed with debugging software (such as FieldCare)
Commubox FXA291, with ToF adapter FXA291
equipment, such as Prosonic
Field Xpert
VIATOR Bluetooth modem, with connecting cable
connectors: Commubox or Field Xpert
transmitter power supply unit (built-in communication resistor)
Installation Guidelines
The following is a schematic diagram of installation conditions:
distance from the tank wall: ¹⁄₆ 2 of the container diameter, installation of protective cover; Avoid direct exposure of instruments to sunlight and rain
It is prohibited to install the sensor in the center of the tank.
Avoid measuring in the feeding area.
It is prohibited to install limit switches or temperature sensors within the beam angle range.
Internal devices with symmetrical structures, such as heating coils, baffles, etc., will interfere with the measurement.
Installation precautions for sensors perpendicular to the surface of the medium:
Only one device should be installed on the same tank.
Install the measuring device on the upstream side, with the installation height as high as possible above the highest liquid level Hmax,
The installation of the short tube insertion end adopts an angled inclined socket.
The installation position of the measuring equipment must be high enough to ensure that the material will not enter the blind spot distance even when it is at the highest level.
Installation Examples
The following figure is an example of installation.
A uses a universal flange for installation.
B uses an installation bracket, which is generally used in non explosion proof areas.
Instrument Fixing Steps
Complete the following steps to fix the instrument
Loosen the fixing screws.
Rotate the casing to the desired position, with a maximum rotation angle of 350 °.
Tighten the fixing screws to a maximum torque of 0.5 Nm (0.36 lbf ft).
Tighten the fixing screws; Use metal specific adhesive.
The above is its basic introduction
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